Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a widespread nerve condition that impacts millions worldwide. 

CTS occurs due to compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel, a narrow passage formed by bones and ligaments in the wrist. Symptoms include numbness, tingling, and pain in the thumb, index, and middle fingers, often worsening at night. It's essential to differentiate CTS from other conditions like cervical radiculopathy, especially if the pain originates from above the wrist

Risk factors for CTS primarily involve repetitive hand and wrist movements as well as prolonged wrist flexion and wrist extension. This repetitive or prolonged motion can lead to compression or irritation of the median nerve. There are also systemic conditions that can cause CTS such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.

There are a few tests that can be used to determine if you have CTS. Easy tests to do at home include the Flick Sign (if you flick your hand, a positive test would be a decrease in symptoms), Phalen's Test, and Reverse Phalen’s. If the symptoms are severe and/or you experience atrophy (muscle loss) in the muscles near the thumb, it might be wise to get advanced diagnostic tests such as an EMG (electromyography) and NCS (Nerve Conduction Studies). Ultrasound can also be used to see how the nerve is gliding under the flexor retinaculum. 

Treatment strategies for CTS focus on symptom management and prevention of further nerve compression. Home exercise plans play a crucial role in improving prognosis, including self-mobilization of the wrist joint and carpal bones to reduce nerve compression. Strengthening exercises for wrist flexors and extensors are also essential for long-term management. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider to develop a tailored exercise regimen.